11 teaching approached and their typical characteristics:
1TBL Task-based learning
a tool,
using it when completing tasks.
solving tasks, problems, communicate with language
Grammar/vocabulary/pronounciation may or may not be focused after the task is completed.
2PPP:presentation, practice and production
Grammatical structures and functions
input language in a context, use in a controlled activity, use freely
Syllabus grammatical structure
miming, drill, role play, discussion
3 Communicative
communication
by interaction
communicative needs, fluency , authentic materials, pair and group works, discussion
4Functional
functions
by receiving input and using it in both controlled and free ways.
graded functions, using PPP stage or communicative activities.
5CLIL Content and language integrated learning
all aspects of language; teaching subjects through a foreign language.
when you use language to learn sth else.
subject matter and congitive skills; specific kinds of language; focus on the subject.
6Content-based learning
tool to gain knowledge of the world; Grammar, lexis, functions and skills are all important.
with interesting topics.
grammar, lexis,functions or skills; mainly in primary and secondary schools; topics related to the real world and lives, learning language in the context.
7Lexical approach
vocabulary.
words and chunks
lexis; notice chunks and complete tasks of chunks; authentic written or spoken texts.
8Grammar-translation
grammatical rules
by analysing and applying grammatical rules.
grammar rules and terms; accuracy;translating L1-2, analysing grammatical rules.
9TPR:Total physical response
Grammatical structures and vocabulary
by doing things physically
used with young learners
10Guided discovery
patterns of meaning and use
by learners themselves
give examples, ask student to work out rules, summerize the rules
11 Structure approach
system of structure
by controlled practice
controlled practice;avoid mistake; oral skills before written
Additional Resources:
U3 Approaches to Language Teaching
学会教会：英语教学必备指南 Jim Scriveher
剑桥英语教学能力认证考试教程：基础模块
