Elements of A Text

Top Down

• Writer, audience and location
• Genre, style, register (level of formality)
• Layout or format
• Coherence and cohension
• Grammar
• Vocabulary
• Punctuation
• Letters

Cohension

• therefore
• however
• farthermore
• moreover
• thus
• order words: later, afterwards

Cohesive devices

Conherence: is the logical organization of ideas. How the idea fixed together in a text.

The logic is differen of English from Chinese. English text is in linear logic while Chinese is in a round logic.

Reading sub skill:

• Prediction

e.g. What did the threter open?

Then you can predict and/or phraph the type of language can be used in the text.

• skimming: way of reading newspaper
• scanning: find specific details
• Reading and notetaking
• Inferring

Always read the task first, avoid word spotting. 

Pre-reading

Chinese learner need extra-research in understanding the text.

• Pre reading development of background knowledge
• Thinking about writer, audience and location of text
• Look at titles, headings or pictures and predicting content

While reading

• Skimming
• Working out the writer's writing pattern
• Working out internal structure of text
• Identify conherence decive
• Working out meaning of word and structures

Post-reading