关于词汇学习
孙大伟老师
一词汇重要性 without words, you can express nothing.
二关于词汇学习
1背景：课标要求，高考要求，校本要求，发展要求
1）课标要求
学会使用3000个单词和500个习惯短语；运用词汇理解和表达不同的功能、意图和态度；运用词汇描述比较复杂的事物、行为和特征，说明概念。
从运用的角度出发，要与技能结合，要注重词汇所承载的深层含义的理解，要注重表达的灵活性和恰当性，要重视语篇的支持，要重视文化的影响。
2）高考的要求
词汇量，词义辨析，词语搭配，基础词汇的熟练程度，词汇在阅读和写作中是运用。
3）校本要求
学校状况，生源状况，教师队伍状况，英语教学环境，新课程推进程度
4）发展的要求
工具论（考试和应用）、人文论（交流和跨文化）、素质论（生活和发展）
2词汇学习方法
一值得检讨的问题：1）重词法，轻复现 2）重讲授，轻操练 3）重记忆，轻实践 4）学习方法单一，考查手段单调
二词汇学习方式
1） 机械记忆，联想记忆，语境习得，内化生成，使用得体，运用熟练
2）自主学习，合作学习（学中用，用中学，复现率，拓展度）
Quotes：Oral interactions and wide reading in a variety of text types is to be encouraged and supported.
Multiple exposures to a word is necessary to learn it well——conceptual, contextual and definitional
Writing definitions from dictionaries is not a recommended practice.
词汇学习的三个步骤：
-how to present new words
1) using visual images including realias, pictures, drawings
2) using gestures and actions including mime, gesture, facial expression and action
3) showing lexical relations including synonyms, antonyms, collocation, prefixes and suffixes
4) words in context
5) guessing or predicting
6) other techniques including using a dictionary, explaining, describing, defining the context, translating
-how to help students remember new words
1) using memorizing activities such as giving directions, picture dictation, matching words, labeling words, searching words(在段落中找，在字典中找), sequencing words（排列）, guessing words, eliminating words（缺失单词） and classifying words
2) using review games such as word search games, picture labeling, crosswords, bingo, dominoes, puzzles, charts or survey for their peers
3) learning with others such as practice words with a classmate or in a group, teach a word to a member of the family or peer, make and play word games with friends; peer test
-make sure students make the new words their own words
1) vocabulary record system
vocabulary books: in an alphabetical order; by topic or situation; by grammatical groups; by certain sets; by story features
personal dictionary (word notebooks):
marking word stress; adding a sound mark; adding a synonym; putting an L1 translation; putting the word into context; mapping a word family
2) using metacognition(元认知，后设认知)
learners learn how to：self-test; look for patterns in words; plan and organize a vocabulary record keeping system; learn words in their preferred ways; reflet on learning and reviewing regularly; self mornitor vocabulary learning
3) personalizing the new words
keeping a learning log; keeping a diary; creative writing by using newly learned words or phrases; looking for recently learned words in storybooks, the internet, the newspapers, and noticing how they are used.
词汇学习应该注意的原则
1）遗忘规律与复现
2）适当适量适度
3）练习和检测手段多样性
What does it take to teach a word well?
'1 vocabulary should be taught both explicitly and incidentally.
'2 repetition and multiple exposure are important for learning new vocabulary.
'3 learning how to construct vocabulary from rich(directive)contexts is valuable.
'4 vocabulary learning tasks should be restructured when necessary.
'5 vocabulary tasks should entail active engagement.
'6 explicit vocabulary instruction should address the use of definitions, context, and concept learning.
招数：
make use of:
dictation; definition; discussion; explanation; presentation; conversation; contextualization
obtain vocabulary through:
listening and lestening exercise; speaking and speaking-oriented activities; reading and reading loud; writing and writing from memory; reciting, retelling, rephrasing/paraphasing; peer/group checking; teacher speech/talk
3练习与检测实列
