Punccha教授 以一个名叫Christopher的孩子案例引出：当孩子对某件事物充满积极性和热情时，其实他很容易失去兴趣。结果容易导致他得不到他本所期待的结果。他会充满挫折感。

He's also quite impulsive-he reacts without thinking, especially when he's annoyed with one of this classmates. Then he can become quite angry, and even aggressive. He also gets distracted rather  easily.

他也很冲动，反应不加思考，特别是当他对一个同学生气的时候。然后他会变得很生气，甚至变得咄咄逼人。他也很容易分心。

再以另一类学生（像Sophia这样的优秀学生）举例，引出如何批判地发展学生的executive function(执行力）

2 metaphors are frequently used to explain why the executive function is important.

有两个隐喻经常被用来解释为什么执行功能是重要的。